UFOs and Government: A Historical Inquiry

Página 88

45 C. Tombaugh, an open letter to UFO researchers, “An Unusual Aerial
Phenomenon,” 7 August 1957, NICAP files; and J. E. McDonald, letter to Richard
Hall, 24 October 1966, NICAP files. 46 L. Stringfield (quoting letter from
Tombaugh) to ...

Página 168

1960-63 era, NICAP files (quoted in Hall, The UFO Evidence, and Gross, June-
July 20, 1952, and July 21-July 31, 1952). ... Edward Ruppelt (Report) describes
it, as does the fine French UFO researcher, Aimé Michel, in his book The Truth ...

Página 174

... aero-engineering group known as the Civilian Saucer Investigation of Los
Angeles (CSI-LA), which Ruppelt visited. ... and no funding, and Donald Keyhoe's
National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) did not yet
exist.

Página 202

44 The reluctance of persons like Alvarez and Goudsmit is documented by the
Ruppelt files; and subsequent replies by them to later UFO researchers (for
example in 1965 letters to NICAP associate Julian Hennessey, Alvarez said, “
UFOs ...

Página 204

This simple and brilliant approach kept the citizenry confused but relaxed about
UFOs. The reason why this system of ... One result of this was the growth of large
civilian research organizations such as NICAP and APRO. APRO went about its ...

Página 205

During that time period, the Air Force won the war with NICAP and Congressional
hearings were constantly denied ... That question is this: how could the Air Force
simultaneously take the UFO phenomenon so seriously that it would set up an ...

Página 208

... period (1953-1956), during which time the Air Force made strides towards
finally addressing the UFO security problem. ... only Donald Keyhoe and NICAP's
striving after Congressional hearings (with the Air Force's counter-strategies to
fend ...

Página 220

As for Kelly, he ultimately contradicted himself in letters to congressmen and to
Keyhoe's NICAP organization so ... in response to a talk before the Greater Miami
Aviation Association by prominent UFO witness and airline pilot William Nash, ...

Página 223

What did exist was a somewhat misdirected Washington, D.C., UFO organization
named the National Investigation Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP).128
For various reasons, it was getting nowhere. But in late 1956, things would ...

Página 232

... now retired, wrote to UFO researcher Max Miller that current Air Force policy (of
debunking and down-playing UFOs, regardless of what was going ... 10 Al Chop
to Donald Keyhoe (complete list can be read at http://www.nicap.org/chop.htm).

Página 233

(Chop tells Hall that all his action vis-à-vis UFO work came down from Dewey
Fournet's desk, and he did not know the colonels above Fournet, and, therefore,
who ... 43 (NICAP) UFO Investigator 1 (5), August-September 1958 (for Bartlett);
and ...

Página 234

50 John Timmerman of the Center for UFO Studies received, in the early 2000s, a
series of letters and then draft manuscripts from Hubert Humphrey's former ... 54
Australian researcher Bill Chalker has been very successful in getting Australian
Air Force officials to make their files public. ... (NICAP files), 20 December 1954.

Página 235

89 Coral Lorenzen to NICAP, 9 October 1956. 90 Hynek UFO Report. 91 Quoted
by ... 94 “Air Force General Admits UFO Sightings Kept from Public,” The UFO
Investigator 1 (3): 1, 3, January 1958. 95 Joint Chiefs of Staff, JANAP 146 (C): ...

Página 236

118 Robert M. L. Baker, “Photogrammatic Analysis of the 'Montana' Film Tracking
Two UFOs,” Douglas Aircraft, March ... 120 Jacobs, The UFO Controversy in
America, 1975. ... 128 For formation of NICAP, see entry in Clark, Encyclopedia.

Página 241

It is not as easy to say what the Air Force's opponent, NICAP/Keyhoe, was
focused upon. Certainly many members wanted to know what UFOs were, and, at
least, to have the authorities acknowledge that they were real. Perhaps
underneath ...

Página 242

Unlike Dryden, Fahrney could stand on the fact that he had actually been
interested in UFO cases and could discuss why he ... It also produced a rush of
citizens volunteering to help NICAP with the investigation.21 The Air Force could
not do ...

Página 243

... rank and higher) that the official Pentagon policy was to debunk UFO sightings,
intelligence analysts and investigators alike (myself included, since at that time I
felt ... The big enemy, NICAP, shortly escalated the conflict with another admiral.

Página 244

They armed the host with a document to be read (in Keyhoe's face) at the
beginning of the program.31 In it, the Air Force charged Keyhoe and NICAP with
flat lies and claimed that they had been given all UFO information in the hands of
the Air ...

Página 246

Somehow, between the time of this report to the Air Base and the later Air Force
investigation by the 4602“", these red ... This now definite possibility, with receipt
of letter from National Investigations Committee of UFOs (NICAP) demanding full ...

Página 247

“Scalding. Tell him to shut up.”38 The friction over this case lasted all year. In
October, when NICAP published its newsletter, The UFO Investigator, Blue Book
was reading it. George Gregory wrote the Pentagon in a fury: %121>1:/1 5?

Página 265

“Social” information as to UFO publications, “clubs,” and media productions was
presented. Bugaboos such as Keyhoe/NICAP and the movie UFO were featured.
The problem of Congressional hearings was mentioned. Language in the ...

Página 266

NICAP was again featured with little thumbnail biographical annotations of its key
members. ... One of the most interesting things (to the UFO historian) was part of
a set of guidelines to the 4602nd UFOB field investigators, telling them in the ...

Página 267

Anything we say about it is better than calling it a UFO. ... UFO Investigator 1 (2);
15, August-September 1957), and the U.S. continued to believe that the U.S.S.R.
was possibly using ... 14 Donald Keyhoe, NICAP Special Bulletin, April 22, 1957.

Página 268

24 J. Allen Hynek, (Hynek UFO Report). 25 Hillenkoetter was announced as a
member of NICAP's Board of Governors (with surprisingly little fanfare) in their
UFO Investigator, Vol. 1 (1), July 1957. 26 Todd Zechel, “NI-CIA-AP or NICAP,” ...

Página 269

53 Mark Rodeghier, UFO Reports Involving Vehicle Interference, 1981. 54 Blue ...
58 This map is redrawn from the original created by Walter Webb for the NICAP
case report (included in Swords, The Levelland, Texas, Incidents). 59 Swords ...

Página 270

UFOs: A Scientific Debate; and McDonald files, University of Arizona). 91 Blue
Book microfilm Roll 29; and Swords, The Levelland, Texas, Incidents. 92 See
Kirk's testimonies to Francis Ridge at www.nicap.org/cutter2. (The “NICAP” site is ...

Página 271

In the Air Force's UFO offices, the policy of blocking NICAP and properly
managing information remained, but the intensity ... that top-level scientists with
command of all necessary facilities were conducting a rigorous investigation of
UFOs.4 ...

Página 272

... CBS wanted to present a nationwide special on UFOs under the title of its
famous program, The Armstrong Circle Theater. ... Later still, CBS admitted to an
inquiry by a NICAP member that the Major had been censored because of its
security ...

Página 273

Chassin continued to support French civilian UFOlogy thereafter, as did NICAP
heavyweights Fahrney and Hillenkoetter. At the same time as Chassin's
comments, the officer responsible for the Danish UFO investigation, Lt. Colonel
H. C. ...

Página 275

Tacker said he had already sent UFO information and would continue to do so.
The idea of a McClellan Committee investigation died right there. NICAP and
Keyhoe did not know this for some time. Basing their hopes upon rumors and ...

Página 276

Goldwater, a Colonel in the Air Force Reserve and a qualified jet pilot, appeared
on the front page of NICAP's UFO Investigator speaking of his interest.20 NICAP
was never able to exploit Goldwater's energy and position successfully, which ...

Página 277

This challenge to the Air Force came suddenly and was as much a surprise to
NICAP as to the authorities. ... McCormack and Natcher informed the Secretary of
the Air Force that they were going to hold hearings on the subject of UFOs with ...

Página 279

... he had access to all the USAF's UFO data, if he desired to peruse it.36 He was
quite interested in the subject and spoke positively of it to NICAP's Assistant
Director, Richard ... But very shortly, the congressional investigation was
neutralized.

Página 283

The line about 16% of the sightings being hoaxes perpetrated by UFO
organization members borders on the outrageous if not the libelous. NICAP
would have liked to know where the “wad of money” idea came from, as it was
about to go ...

Página 290

Later UFO historians have been made uncomfortable by this fact, since Bryan
became a member of the NICAP Board of Governors. Was this a CIA Trojan
Horse inserted into the main civilian irritant? Nothing would have made more
sense.

Página 292

This is mentioned because some UFO historians would like to think that Bob
Friend was “nicer” than this Major Friend at his ... The memo goes on to feature
NICAP as the primary bad actor, and notes Hillenkoetter's presence as a problem
.

Página 296

The patrolmen were interviewed by people associated with NICAP, as well. ...
Blue Book changed the explanation to Mars and Capella (giving up on stars for
both ends of the “UFO,” and of Walter Webb With three brilliant heavenly bodies
just ...

Página 297

No UFO waves occurred, yet in many ways the citizen UFO groups became more
sophisticated, with regional ... was quick to distance itself.128 William Coleman
Admiral Hillenkoetter resigned from NICAP, voiding their most powerful trump ...

Página 298

At NICAP, Richard Hall produced the precursor to a massive piece of work, The
UFO Evidence,131 which collected mysterious cases organized by observer
quality and behavior of the object (as well as many more significant attributes).

Página 300

(This case was not reported until about five years later during the middle of the
great UFO flap, which induced the famous University of Colorado Study of UFOs,
and made the reporting of one's UFO ... Webb and NICAP simply said: unknown.

Página 302

Feb.; plus Donald Keyhoe, NICAP Press Release, 28 January 1958. 7 Armstrong
... 8 Confidential NICAP Bulletin, 4 April 1958. ... 20 “Senator Goldwater Reveals
Interest in UFO Problem,” The UFO Investigator 1 (2): August-September 1957.

Página 303

47 Blue Book microfilm Roll 34, plus see thumbnail description in “1958 UFO
Chronology” at website: www.nicap.org. ... New Bedford Standard-Times), as
reported in Gross, October 1958); and UFO Investigator 1 (6): December 1958 (
article ...

Página 304

82 Charles S. Sheldon II to Richard Hall, 13 June 1959, NICAP files. 83 UFO
Investigator 1 (9): 1, March 1960. 84 Example: Lawrence J. Tacker for Director,
Legislative Liaison, SAFU, memorandum, subject: Reply to Senator Keating on
UFO ...

Página 305

138 “Out of the Past,” International UFO Reporter, Jan/Feb 1985; plus interview
by John P. Timmerman, CUFOS files. 139 Walter N. Webb, “UFOs chase car in
Connecticut,” NICAP field report, NICAP files/CUFOS. 140 Walter N. Webb, “The ...

Página 306

In early 1965, he was visited by a member of Connecticut Senator Thomas
Dodd's staff.2 This man, a retired Navy Captain, had been tasked by Dodd to visit
NICAP and explore what there was to UFOs. Because Dodd was on the Senate ...

Página 307

Congressman Gerald Ford called for an apology to his constituents and an
investigation of Air Force UFO procedures. Hynek became a laughing stock.
NICAP made full use of the opportunity to blast the USAF along its usual lines of
cover-up ...

Página 319

27, 1966),36 recommend to the great WWI physicist Merle Tuve NICAP's UFO
Evidence (Feb. 9, 1967),37 and recommend to the Encyclopedia Britannica J.
Allen Hynek and Richard Hall as excellent persons to write UFO entries (April 28, ...

Página 326

Asked about two well-known debunkers, Low hesitated, obviously torn as to what
to McMinnville UFO say. Frankness won out. After a small verbal ... for NICAP and
the quality of their investigations. One almost wonders if Jim McDonald and ...

Página 332

Without Blue Book, the UFO community had no focal point in the government to
effectively query and keep interest up when things quieted. This especially
affected NICAP, which fed off of governmental leaks, data, and cover-ups. NICAP ...

Página 333

2 Richard Hall, memo (notes on a meeting with Captain John Lawrence
Counihan), 19 January 1965, NICAP files. ... 15 Colorado Project memos: a) “
First Meeting of the C. U. Investigators”; b) “UFO Project: Members of Meeting of
October 17, ...

Página 358

7 Fawcett and Greenwood, Clear Intent, 6; and Citizens Against UFO Secrecy,
Documents Describing UFO/Helicopter Overflights of ... 19 The “Phoenix Lights”
sightings are covered extensively on the Internet (see sites such as “nicap.org”
and ...

Página 466

12 Evaluated Intelligence Report, subject: Belgium and the UFO Issue, 30 March
30, 1990 (mentions the USAF had made no ... 35 Olavo Fontes, “Flying Saucers
Are Real,” quoted; these materials also exist in NICAP files as translations from ...

Página 467

47 J. Escobar Faria, UFO-Critical Bulletin II, no. ... 51 See website: www.nicap.org
for an excellent overview of this case. ... 59 “UFO Photo Certified by Brazilian
Navy Labeled a Hoax by USAF,” UFO Investigator 1 (10): July-August 1960; and ...

Página 509

Chapter 13 page 272 Dewey Fournet' s statement that he had read the ET
Estimate and had authored the UFO motion study CONFIDENTIAL: For Release
to NICAP Officials QM At the request of Major Keyhoe, I would like to confirm the ...

Página 531

Courtesy of the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP
). Walter Winchell. Department of Defense. General ... Courtesy of the Center for
UFO Studies (CUFOS). Dr. Joseph Kaplan. Courtesy of Toplitt Studio and the ...

Página 532

Courtesy of the UFO Research Coalition. President Harry S. Truman and Drew
Pearson. Courtesy of the ... Courtesy of National Investigations Committee on
Aerial Phenomena (NICAP). Dr. Urner Liddel. United States Navy. Skyhook
balloon.

Página 533

Courtesy of the Center for UFO Studies (CUFOS). Lieutenant ... Memo from
General Garland to General Samford regarding continued concern about UFOs.
... Courtesy of National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP).

Página 534

... Aerial Phenomena (NICAP). Allen Hynek. Courtesy of the Center for UFO
Studies (CUFOS). Frederick Oder. Central Intelligence Agency. Arthur Godfrey,
George Cooper, & Smith de France. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.

Página 535

Ed Ruppelt. Ruppelt Files. Courtesy of the UFO Research Coalition. Green-
Rouse Studios meeting. Ruppelt Files. Courtesy of the UFO Research Coalition.
Great Falls, Montana film frame. United States Air Force. Keyhoe's NICAP card.

Página 540

(Papers of Edward Condon) Articles “AF General Warns UFOs Serious, Will
Increase,” UFO Investigator I (9), March 1960, p. 3. “Air Force ... July 2005, pp. 3-9
, 26. “New Angle on Armstrong Show,” Confidential NICAP Bulletin, April 4, 1958,
p.

Página 542

Keyhoe, Donald, “Head of NACA Backs Down on Flying Saucer Claim,” NICAP
Special Bulletin, April 22, 1957. Keyhoe, Donald, “The Captain Ruppelt Letters,”
The UFO Investigator II (2), October 6, 1961. Kociver, Ben, “Is This the Real Flying ...

Página 544

Velasco, Jean-Jacques, “Amaranth Investigation,” Workshop on Physical
Evidence, materials describing the ... December 18, 1981. p.32 Zechel, Todd, “NI-
CIA-CAP or NICAP,” MUFON UFO Journal 133, January-February 1979. Books
Baker ...

Página 557

Aldrich, J an, Project I947, “UFOs Sub Rosa Down Under—The Australian
Military and Government Role in the UFO Controversy,” ... on Aerial Phenomena,
Thomas Kirk testimonies to Francis Ridge http://www.nicap.org/
571l05sebago_dir.htm.

Página 559

He is the author of The OZ Files: The Australian UFO Story and Hair of the Alien:
DNA and other Forensic Evidence of Alien ... (NICAP), the Aerial Phenomena
Research Organization (APRO), the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), the British
UFO ...

Página 570

... 146, 217, 238 NICAP and Keyhoe, 204-05, 208, 212, 219-23, 241-44, 254, 265
, 271-73, 275, 277-79, 291, 293, 298, 301, 306 United ... See UFO evidence,
electromagnetic, interference, ionization Extraterrestrial hypothesis (ET or ETH)
Government discussions, 48, ... 275, 339, 349, 354, 490 investigation of citizens,
103, 119-20, 196-97, 219, 239-40 UFO investigations, 36, 38-39, 57, 81, 95, 105-
07, ...

Página 572

... 216, 219-21, 243-44, 254-56, 284-86, 291-92, 301, 500 NICAP, 247 relation
with Air Materiel Command, 42-43, 48-51 Robertson Panel, 184-86 SIGN's
Estimate, 61-62, 65-66, 71-72, 74, 117, 509 space race, 238-39 UFO
investigations, 35, ...

Página 574

Borderland Sciences Research Associates, 174 Center for UFO Studies (CUFOS
), 332, 351, 442, 470 Civilian Saucer Intelligence (CS1-NY), 174, 230 Civilian
Saucer Investigation (CSI-LA), 174, 176, 196-97 Commonwealth Aerial
Phenomena Investigation Organisation (CAPIO), 412 Mutual UFO Network (
MUFON), 332, 351 National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (
NICAP), 174, 265-66 ...

Página 576

Strategic Air Command (SAC), 60, 185, 208, 248, 280, 339 United States Army
UFO incidents, 153, 155 ... 83, 92-95, 281, 403, 428 independent UFO study, 139
, 164-66 NICAP, 241-43, 281-82 UFO investigations, 86-87, 90-95, 165-66, 170, ...